AP Physics
Course Features
Course Details
Course Overview
AP Physics I is a rigorous, algebra-based introduction to the principles of mechanics and introductory electricity, designed to prepare students for the AP Physics I exam and for continued study in science and engineering. The course opens by establishing the mathematical and laboratory toolkit physicists depend on—algebra, trigonometry, significant digits, and vectors—along with proper use of a lab notebook. Students then build a thorough understanding of motion and its causes, progressing from kinematics and projectile motion through Newton's laws, friction, and inclined planes, with frequent labs and authentic AP free-response practice woven throughout.
From this foundation the course advances through the central themes of classical mechanics: circular motion and gravitation; work, energy, and power; momentum, impulse, and collisions; and the rotational dynamics of torque, equilibrium, moment of inertia, and angular momentum. Students go on to study oscillations and simple harmonic motion, the behavior of fluids, and the properties of waves and sound. The final portion of the course introduces electrostatics and electric circuits, including series and parallel networks, Ohm's law, and Kirchhoff's laws, before culminating in advanced application units that revisit projectile motion, oscillations, and force analysis at a deeper level.
Each unit pairs conceptual instruction with hands-on laboratory investigations, calculation practice, and released AP-style free-response questions, mirroring the reasoning and experimental skills the exam emphasizes. Regular unit exams, a mid-term, and a comprehensive final reinforce mastery and retention. By the end of the course, students will be able to apply physics principles, mathematical models, and laboratory evidence to describe, predict, and explain the behavior of physical systems.
This course was developed by the International Academy of Science.
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Scope and Sequence
Unit 1 – Kinematics and the Tools of Physics Students begin with the mathematical foundation physics requires—algebra, trigonometry, significant digits, and vectors—and learn to keep a proper lab notebook. They then describe motion using position-versus-time and velocity-versus-time graphs, analyze motion quantitatively, and study projectile motion. A graphing lab and released AP free-response questions connect data, graphs, and the equations of motion.
Unit 2 – Forces and Newton's Laws This unit examines why objects move as they do, beginning with force diagrams and developing Newton's first, second, and third laws. Students analyze friction, contact forces, and inclined planes, and explore classic systems such as the Atwood machine. Laboratory investigations of the second and third laws give students direct experience relating force, mass, and acceleration.
Unit 3 – Circular Motion and Gravitation Students extend Newtonian mechanics to objects moving in circles, studying angular measures, uniform circular motion, centripetal force and acceleration, and the equations of circular motion. They then apply these ideas to universal gravitation, Kepler's laws, gravitational potential energy, and apparent weight.
Unit 4 – Work, Energy, and Power This unit develops work as the transfer of energy, including work done at angles and on inclined planes, and introduces kinetic, potential, and mechanical energy. Energy conservation anchors the unit, supported by applications and a mechanical-energy lab, followed by the related concepts of power and efficiency.
Unit 5 – Momentum and Collisions Students study momentum and impulse, including graphical analysis and representation on a coordinate system. They apply conservation of momentum to collisions, investigate these principles through a conservation-of-momentum lab, and connect the ideas to real-world impact scenarios.
Unit 6 – Rotational Motion and Equilibrium Building on linear mechanics, students explore center of mass, rolling motion, and changes in rotational motion. The unit develops torque, the conditions for rotational, static, and mechanical equilibrium, center of gravity, moment of inertia, rotational work, and angular momentum through both concept and calculation.
Unit 7 – Oscillations and Simple Harmonic Motion Students investigate the periodic motion of springs and pendulums, linking simple harmonic motion to mechanical energy. An extended multi-part pendulum lab provides sustained experimental practice. This unit concludes with a mid-term review and exam covering the first half of the course.
Unit 8 – Fluids This unit introduces the physics of fluids, including pressure and how it varies with depth, buoyant force, flow rate, and Bernoulli's equation, giving students a framework for analyzing fluids at rest and in motion.
Unit 9 – Waves and Sound Students explore wave behavior, distinguishing transverse and longitudinal waves and examining phase, sound waves, and frequency. The unit covers the Doppler effect, wave interference, nodes and antinodes, and wave intensity, building a model of how energy travels through a medium.
Unit 10 – Electrostatics and Electric Fields Students study electric charge, conservation of charge, and the behavior of conductors and insulators, using the electroscope to investigate charging by induction and conduction. Coulomb's law quantifies the force between charges, and students learn to represent electric fields, field lines, and potential difference.
Unit 11 – Series Circuits This unit introduces circuit fundamentals—drawing complete circuits, current, resistance, and resistivity—then focuses on series circuits. Students diagram series circuits and analyze resistance, voltage, and current, weighing the advantages and disadvantages of the series configuration.
Unit 12 – Parallel Circuits and Circuit Analysis Students analyze parallel circuits, calculating and measuring resistance, voltage, and current, and comparing parallel and series arrangements. The unit applies Ohm's law through experimental analysis and develops Kirchhoff's laws for analyzing more complex circuits.
Unit 13 – Advanced Projectile and Two-Dimensional Motion This application unit revisits motion in two dimensions at a deeper level, reviewing vectors and reference frames and analyzing parabolic motion, horizontal and vertical components, time aloft, and launch angle. Multi-part lessons on velocity and acceleration extend students' quantitative command of kinematics.
Unit 14 – Advanced Oscillations and Rotational Quantities Students apply earlier concepts to more sophisticated problems involving spring constants for parallel and series springs, pendulum length, and angular and tangential velocity, sharpening their analysis of oscillating and rotating systems.
Unit 15 – Advanced Force Analysis and Course Synthesis The final unit deepens force analysis through applications of Newton's first law, the normal force on level and inclined surfaces, gravitational attractions, centripetal forces and satellites, contact forces, and tension. It also revisits reference frames and series-circuit voltage drops before concluding with a comprehensive final review and exam.
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